Update.
[picoclvr.git] / tasks.py
index 912b405..0c92af9 100755 (executable)
--- a/tasks.py
+++ b/tasks.py
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 
+# Any copyright is dedicated to the Public Domain.
+# https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+
+# Written by Francois Fleuret <francois@fleuret.org>
+
 import math, os, tqdm
 
 import torch, torchvision
@@ -7,6 +12,13 @@ import torch, torchvision
 from torch import nn
 from torch.nn import functional as F
 
+from mygpt import BracketedSequence
+
+try:
+    from graph import save_attention_image
+except ImportError:
+    save_attention_image = None
+
 ######################################################################
 
 
@@ -20,6 +32,8 @@ def masked_inplace_autoregression(
     progress_bar_desc="autoregression",
     device=torch.device("cpu"),
 ):
+    assert input.size() == ar_mask.size()
+
     batches = zip(input.split(batch_size), ar_mask.split(batch_size))
 
     if progress_bar_desc is not None:
@@ -27,13 +41,22 @@ def masked_inplace_autoregression(
             batches,
             dynamic_ncols=True,
             desc=progress_bar_desc,
-            total=input.size(0) // batch_size,
+            total=(input.size(0) + batch_size - 1) // batch_size,
         )
 
-    for input, ar_mask in batches:
-        model.masked_inplace_autoregression(
-            input, ar_mask, forbidden_tokens, deterministic_synthesis
-        )
+    with torch.autograd.no_grad():
+        t = model.training
+        model.eval()
+
+        for input, ar_mask in batches:
+            model.masked_inplace_autoregression(
+                input, ar_mask, forbidden_tokens, deterministic_synthesis
+            )
+
+        model.train(t)
+
+
+######################################################################
 
 
 class Task:
@@ -49,6 +72,265 @@ class Task:
         pass
 
 
+######################################################################
+
+
+class Problem:
+    def generate_sequences(self, nb):
+        pass
+
+    def seq2str(self, seq):
+        return "[NOT IMPLEMENTED]"
+
+
+####################
+
+
+class ProblemLevel0(Problem):
+    def __init__(self, nb_sentences=100, len_prompt=5, len_result=5):
+        self.seq = torch.randint(10, (nb_sentences, len_prompt + 1 + len_result))
+        self.seq[:, len_prompt] = 10
+
+    def generate_sequences(self, nb):
+        sequences = self.seq[torch.randint(self.seq.size(0), (nb,))]
+        ar_mask = (sequences == 10).long()
+        ar_mask = (ar_mask.cumsum(1) - ar_mask).clamp(max=1)
+        return sequences, ar_mask
+
+
+class ProblemLevel1(Problem):
+    def __init__(self, nb_operators=100, len_source=5, len_result=8):
+        self.len_source = len_source
+        self.len_result = len_result
+        self.len_nb_operator = int(math.log(nb_operators) / math.log(10)) + 1
+        self.operators = F.one_hot(
+            torch.rand(nb_operators, len_result, len_source).argmax(-1),
+            num_classes=len_source,
+        )
+
+    def generate_sequences(self, nb):
+        nb_operators = torch.randint(self.operators.size(0), (nb,))
+        operators = self.operators[nb_operators]
+        nb_operators = (
+            nb_operators[:, None]
+            // 10 ** torch.arange(self.len_nb_operator - 1, -1, -1)
+        ) % 10
+        marker1 = torch.full((nb, 1), 10)
+        # source = torch.randint(10, (nb, self.len_source))
+        source = torch.rand(nb, 10).sort(dim=1).indices[:, : self.len_source]
+        marker2 = torch.full((nb, 1), 11)
+        result = operators.bmm(source[:, :, None]).squeeze(-1)
+        sequences = torch.cat((nb_operators, marker1, source, marker2, result), 1)
+        ar_mask = (sequences == 11).long()
+        ar_mask = (ar_mask.cumsum(1) - ar_mask).clamp(max=1)
+        return sequences, ar_mask
+
+    def seq2str(self, seq):
+        return "".join("0123456789|>"[x.item()] for x in seq)
+
+
+class ProblemLevel2(Problem):
+    def __init__(self, len_source=5, len_result=8):
+        self.len_source = len_source
+        self.len_result = len_result
+
+    def generate_sequences(self, nb):
+        operators = F.one_hot(
+            torch.rand(nb, self.len_result, self.len_source).argmax(-1),
+            num_classes=self.len_source,
+        )
+        source1 = torch.rand(nb, 10).sort(dim=1).indices[:, : self.len_source]
+        # source1 = torch.randint(10, (nb, self.len_source))
+        marker1 = torch.full((nb, 1), 10)
+        result1 = operators.bmm(source1[:, :, None]).squeeze(-1)
+        marker2 = torch.full((nb, 1), 11)
+        source2 = torch.randint(10, (nb, self.len_source))
+        marker3 = torch.full((nb, 1), 12)
+        result2 = operators.bmm(source2[:, :, None]).squeeze(-1)
+
+        sequences = torch.cat(
+            (source1, marker1, result1, marker2, source2, marker3, result2), 1
+        )
+        ar_mask = (sequences == 12).long()
+        ar_mask = (ar_mask.cumsum(1) - ar_mask).clamp(max=1)
+        return sequences, ar_mask
+
+    def seq2str(self, seq):
+        return "".join("0123456789>|~"[x.item()] for x in seq)
+
+
+####################
+
+
+class ProblemAddition(Problem):
+    def __init__(self, nb_digits=10, zero_padded=False, inverted_result=False):
+        self.nb_digits = nb_digits
+        self.zero_padded = zero_padded
+        self.inverted_result = inverted_result
+        self.char2id = dict([(c, n) for n, c in enumerate("0123456789+=$")])
+        self.id2char = dict([(n, c) for c, n in self.char2id.items()])
+
+    def tensorize(self, strings):
+        len_max = max([len(x) for x in strings])
+        return torch.cat(
+            [
+                torch.tensor(
+                    [
+                        [self.char2id[c] for c in s + "$" * (len_max - len(s))]
+                        for s in strings
+                    ]
+                )
+            ],
+            0,
+        )
+
+    def generate_sequences(self, nb):
+        sequences = []
+        for k in range(nb):
+            a, b = torch.randint(10**self.nb_digits, (2,))
+            c = a + b
+            a, b, c = str(a.item()), str(b.item()), str(c.item())
+            if self.zero_padded:
+                a = "0" * (self.nb_digits - len(a)) + a
+                b = "0" * (self.nb_digits - len(b)) + b
+                c = "0" * (self.nb_digits + 1 - len(c)) + c
+            if self.inverted_result:
+                c = c[::-1]
+            sequences.append(f"{a}+{b}={c}$")
+
+        sequences = self.tensorize(sequences)
+        ar_mask = (sequences == self.char2id["="]).long()
+        ar_mask = (ar_mask.cumsum(1) - ar_mask).clamp(max=1)
+        return sequences, ar_mask
+
+    def seq2str(self, seq):
+        return "".join(self.id2char[x.item()] for x in seq)
+
+
+# class ProblemUnion(Problem):
+# problems = [ProblemByheart()]
+# nb_common_codes = 100
+
+# def generate_sequences(nb_samples):
+# problem_indexes = torch.randint(len(problems), (nb_samples,))
+# nb_samples_per_problem = torch.one_hot(problem_indexes).sum(0)
+# print(f"{nb_samples_per_problem}")
+# all_seq = []
+# for nb, p in zip(nb_samples_per_problem, problems):
+# all_seq.append(p.generate_sequences(nb_samples_per_problem[nb]))
+# return all_seq
+
+# for strain, stest in zip(train_seq, test_seq):
+# s = torch.cat((strain, stest), 0)
+
+####################
+
+
+class SandBox(Task):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        problem,
+        nb_train_samples,
+        nb_test_samples,
+        batch_size,
+        logger=None,
+        device=torch.device("cpu"),
+        max_nb_codes=1024,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.batch_size = batch_size
+        self.device = device
+        self.problem = problem
+
+        self.train_input, self.train_ar_mask = self.problem.generate_sequences(
+            nb_train_samples
+        )
+        self.test_input, self.test_ar_mask = self.problem.generate_sequences(
+            nb_test_samples
+        )
+
+        self.train_input, self.train_ar_mask = self.train_input.to(
+            device
+        ), self.train_ar_mask.to(device)
+        self.test_input, self.test_ar_mask = self.test_input.to(
+            device
+        ), self.test_ar_mask.to(device)
+
+        self.nb_codes = max(self.train_input.max(), self.test_input.max()) + 1
+
+        # A bit of paranoia never hurts
+        assert (
+            self.nb_codes <= max_nb_codes
+            and self.train_input.min() >= 0
+            and self.test_input.min() >= 0
+            and tuple(self.train_ar_mask.unique()) == (0, 1)
+            and tuple(self.test_ar_mask.unique()) == (0, 1)
+        )
+
+    def batches(self, split="train", nb_to_use=-1, desc=None):
+        assert split in {"train", "test"}
+        input = self.train_input if split == "train" else self.test_input
+        if nb_to_use > 0:
+            input = input[:nb_to_use]
+        if desc is None:
+            desc = f"epoch-{split}"
+        for batch in tqdm.tqdm(
+            input.split(self.batch_size), dynamic_ncols=True, desc=desc
+        ):
+            yield batch
+
+    def vocabulary_size(self):
+        return self.nb_codes
+
+    def produce_results(
+        self, n_epoch, model, result_dir, logger, deterministic_synthesis, nmax=1000
+    ):
+        def compute_accuracy(input, ar_mask, logger=None):
+            input, ar_mask = input[:nmax], ar_mask[:nmax]
+            result = input.clone() * (1 - ar_mask)
+
+            masked_inplace_autoregression(
+                model,
+                self.batch_size,
+                result,
+                ar_mask,
+                deterministic_synthesis,
+                progress_bar_desc=None,
+                device=self.device,
+            )
+
+            if logger is not None:
+                for sp, st in zip(result[:10], input[:10]):
+                    logger(
+                        f"test_sequences {n_epoch} prediction   {self.problem.seq2str(sp)}"
+                    )
+                    logger(
+                        f"               {n_epoch} ground truth {self.problem.seq2str(st)}"
+                    )
+
+            nb_total = ar_mask.sum().item()
+            nb_correct = ((result == input).long() * ar_mask).sum().item()
+
+            return nb_total, nb_correct
+
+        train_nb_total, train_nb_correct = compute_accuracy(
+            self.train_input, self.train_ar_mask
+        )
+
+        logger(
+            f"accuracy_train {n_epoch} nb_total {train_nb_total} nb_correct {train_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*train_nb_correct)/train_nb_total:.02f}%"
+        )
+
+        test_nb_total, test_nb_correct = compute_accuracy(
+            self.test_input, self.test_ar_mask, logger
+        )
+
+        logger(
+            f"accuracy_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_correct {test_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*test_nb_correct)/test_nb_total:.02f}%"
+        )
+
+
 ######################################################################
 
 import picoclvr
@@ -97,6 +379,8 @@ class PicoCLVR(Task):
         pruner_train=None,
         pruner_eval=None,
     ):
+        super().__init__()
+
         def generate_descr(nb, cache_suffix, pruner):
             return picoclvr.generate(
                 nb,
@@ -285,6 +569,8 @@ class MNIST(Task):
     def __init__(
         self, nb_train_samples, nb_test_samples, batch_size, device=torch.device("cpu")
     ):
+        super().__init__()
+
         self.nb_train_samples = (nb_train_samples,)
         self.nb_test_samples = (nb_test_samples,)
         self.batch_size = batch_size
@@ -355,6 +641,8 @@ class Maze(Task):
         nb_walls,
         device=torch.device("cpu"),
     ):
+        super().__init__()
+
         self.batch_size = batch_size
         self.height = height
         self.width = width
@@ -447,70 +735,64 @@ class Maze(Task):
     def produce_results(
         self, n_epoch, model, result_dir, logger, deterministic_synthesis
     ):
-        with torch.autograd.no_grad():
-            t = model.training
-            model.eval()
-
-            train_nb_total, train_nb_correct, count = self.compute_error(
-                model,
-                "train",
-                nb_to_use=1000,
-                deterministic_synthesis=deterministic_synthesis,
-            )
-            logger(
-                f"accuracy_train {n_epoch} nb_total {train_nb_total} nb_correct {train_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*train_nb_correct)/train_nb_total:.02f}%"
-            )
-
-            test_nb_total, test_nb_correct, count = self.compute_error(
-                model,
-                "test",
-                nb_to_use=1000,
-                deterministic_synthesis=deterministic_synthesis,
-            )
-            logger(
-                f"accuracy_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_correct {test_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*test_nb_correct)/test_nb_total:.02f}%"
-            )
+        train_nb_total, train_nb_correct, count = self.compute_error(
+            model,
+            "train",
+            nb_to_use=1000,
+            deterministic_synthesis=deterministic_synthesis,
+        )
+        logger(
+            f"accuracy_train {n_epoch} nb_total {train_nb_total} nb_correct {train_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*train_nb_correct)/train_nb_total:.02f}%"
+        )
 
-            if count is not None:
-                proportion_optimal = count.diagonal().sum().float() / count.sum()
-                logger(f"proportion_optimal_test {proportion_optimal*100:.02f}%")
-                with open(
-                    os.path.join(result_dir, f"maze_result_{n_epoch:04d}.txt"), "w"
-                ) as f:
-                    for i in range(count.size(0)):
-                        for j in range(count.size(1)):
-                            eol = " " if j < count.size(1) - 1 else "\n"
-                            f.write(f"{count[i,j]}{eol}")
-
-            input = self.test_input[:48]
-            result = input.clone()
-            ar_mask = result.new_zeros(result.size())
-            ar_mask[:, self.height * self.width :] = 1
-            result *= 1 - ar_mask
-            masked_inplace_autoregression(
-                model,
-                self.batch_size,
-                result,
-                ar_mask,
-                deterministic_synthesis,
-                device=self.device,
-            )
+        test_nb_total, test_nb_correct, count = self.compute_error(
+            model,
+            "test",
+            nb_to_use=1000,
+            deterministic_synthesis=deterministic_synthesis,
+        )
+        logger(
+            f"accuracy_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_correct {test_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*test_nb_correct)/test_nb_total:.02f}%"
+        )
 
-            mazes, paths = self.seq2map(input)
-            _, predicted_paths = self.seq2map(result)
-
-            filename = os.path.join(result_dir, f"maze_result_{n_epoch:04d}.png")
-            maze.save_image(
-                filename,
-                mazes=mazes,
-                target_paths=paths,
-                predicted_paths=predicted_paths,
-                path_correct=maze.path_correctness(mazes, predicted_paths),
-                path_optimal=maze.path_optimality(paths, predicted_paths),
-            )
-            logger(f"wrote {filename}")
+        if count is not None:
+            proportion_optimal = count.diagonal().sum().float() / count.sum()
+            logger(f"proportion_optimal_test {proportion_optimal*100:.02f}%")
+            with open(
+                os.path.join(result_dir, f"maze_result_{n_epoch:04d}.txt"), "w"
+            ) as f:
+                for i in range(count.size(0)):
+                    for j in range(count.size(1)):
+                        eol = " " if j < count.size(1) - 1 else "\n"
+                        f.write(f"{count[i,j]}{eol}")
+
+        input = self.test_input[:48]
+        result = input.clone()
+        ar_mask = result.new_zeros(result.size())
+        ar_mask[:, self.height * self.width :] = 1
+        result *= 1 - ar_mask
+        masked_inplace_autoregression(
+            model,
+            self.batch_size,
+            result,
+            ar_mask,
+            deterministic_synthesis,
+            device=self.device,
+        )
 
-            model.train(t)
+        mazes, paths = self.seq2map(input)
+        _, predicted_paths = self.seq2map(result)
+
+        filename = os.path.join(result_dir, f"maze_result_{n_epoch:04d}.png")
+        maze.save_image(
+            filename,
+            mazes=mazes,
+            target_paths=paths,
+            predicted_paths=predicted_paths,
+            path_correct=maze.path_correctness(mazes, predicted_paths),
+            path_optimal=maze.path_optimality(paths, predicted_paths),
+        )
+        logger(f"wrote {filename}")
 
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -532,6 +814,8 @@ class Snake(Task):
         prompt_length,
         device=torch.device("cpu"),
     ):
+        super().__init__()
+
         self.batch_size = batch_size
         self.height = height
         self.width = width
@@ -577,59 +861,38 @@ class Snake(Task):
     def produce_results(
         self, n_epoch, model, result_dir, logger, deterministic_synthesis
     ):
-        with torch.autograd.no_grad():
-            t = model.training
-            model.eval()
-
-            def compute_nb_correct(input, prior_visits):
-                result = input.clone()
-                i = torch.arange(result.size(1), device=result.device)[None, :]
-                ar_mask = (
-                    torch.logical_and(i >= self.prompt_length * 2, i % 2 == 0)
-                    .long()
-                    .expand_as(result)
-                )
-                result *= 1 - ar_mask
-
-                # snake.solver(result,ar_mask)
-
-                masked_inplace_autoregression(
-                    model,
-                    self.batch_size,
-                    result,
-                    ar_mask,
-                    deterministic_synthesis,
-                    device=self.device,
-                )
-
-                nb_total = ((prior_visits > 0) * ar_mask).sum()
-
-                nb_correct = (
-                    (result == input).long() * (prior_visits > 0) * ar_mask
-                ).sum()
-
-                # nb_total = result.size(0)
-                # nb_correct = ((result - input).abs().sum(1) == 0).sum()
+        def compute_nb_correct(input, prior_visits):
+            result = input.clone()
+            i = torch.arange(result.size(1), device=result.device)[None, :]
+            ar_mask = (
+                torch.logical_and(i >= self.prompt_length * 2, i % 2 == 0)
+                .long()
+                .expand_as(result)
+            )
+            result *= 1 - ar_mask
 
-                return nb_total, nb_correct
+            masked_inplace_autoregression(
+                model,
+                self.batch_size,
+                result,
+                ar_mask,
+                deterministic_synthesis,
+                device=self.device,
+            )
 
-            # train_nb_total, train_nb_correct = compute_nb_correct(
-            # self.train_input, self.train_prior_visits
-            # )
+            nb_total = ((prior_visits > 0) * ar_mask).sum()
 
-            # logger(
-            # f"accuracy_train nb_total {train_nb_total} nb_correct {train_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*train_nb_correct)/train_nb_total:.02f}%"
-            # )
+            nb_correct = ((result == input).long() * (prior_visits > 0) * ar_mask).sum()
 
-            test_nb_total, test_nb_correct = compute_nb_correct(
-                self.test_input[:1000], self.test_prior_visits[:1000]
-            )
+            return nb_total, nb_correct
 
-            logger(
-                f"accuracy_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_correct {test_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*test_nb_correct)/test_nb_total:.02f}%"
-            )
+        test_nb_total, test_nb_correct = compute_nb_correct(
+            self.test_input[:1000], self.test_prior_visits[:1000]
+        )
 
-            model.train(t)
+        logger(
+            f"accuracy_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_correct {test_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*test_nb_correct)/test_nb_total:.02f}%"
+        )
 
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -651,6 +914,8 @@ class Stack(Task):
         fraction_values_for_train=None,
         device=torch.device("cpu"),
     ):
+        super().__init__()
+
         self.batch_size = batch_size
         self.nb_steps = nb_steps
         self.nb_stacks = nb_stacks
@@ -709,64 +974,356 @@ class Stack(Task):
     def produce_results(
         self, n_epoch, model, result_dir, logger, deterministic_synthesis
     ):
-        with torch.autograd.no_grad():
-            t = model.training
-            model.eval()
-
-            def compute_nb_correct(input):
-                result = input.clone()
-                stack.remove_popped_values(result, self.nb_stacks, self.nb_digits)
-                ar_mask = (result != input).long()
-                masked_inplace_autoregression(
-                    model,
-                    self.batch_size,
-                    result,
-                    ar_mask,
-                    deterministic_synthesis,
-                    device=self.device,
-                )
+        def compute_nb_correct(input):
+            result = input.clone()
+            stack.remove_popped_values(result, self.nb_stacks, self.nb_digits)
+            ar_mask = (result != input).long()
+            masked_inplace_autoregression(
+                model,
+                self.batch_size,
+                result,
+                ar_mask,
+                deterministic_synthesis,
+                device=self.device,
+            )
+
+            errors = ((result != input).long() * ar_mask).reshape(
+                -1, 1 + self.nb_digits
+            )
+            ar_mask = ar_mask.reshape(-1, 1 + self.nb_digits)
+
+            nb_total = ar_mask.max(1).values.sum()
+            nb_correct = nb_total - errors.max(1).values.sum()
+
+            return nb_total, nb_correct
+
+        test_nb_total, test_nb_correct = compute_nb_correct(self.test_input[:1000])
+
+        logger(
+            f"accuracy_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_correct {test_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*test_nb_correct)/test_nb_total:.02f}%"
+        )
 
-                errors = ((result != input).long() * ar_mask).reshape(
-                    -1, 1 + self.nb_digits
+        ##############################################################
+        # Log a few generated sequences
+        input = self.test_input[:10, : 12 * (1 + self.nb_digits)]
+        result = input.clone()
+        stack.remove_popped_values(result, self.nb_stacks, self.nb_digits)
+        ar_mask = (result != input).long()
+
+        # for n in range(result.size(0)):
+        # logger(
+        # f"test_before {stack.seq_to_str(result[n],nb_stacks=self.nb_stacks,nb_digits=self.nb_digits)}"
+        # )
+
+        masked_inplace_autoregression(
+            model,
+            self.batch_size,
+            result,
+            ar_mask,
+            deterministic_synthesis,
+            device=self.device,
+        )
+
+        for n in range(result.size(0)):
+            logger(
+                f"test_after  {stack.seq_to_str(result[n],nb_stacks=self.nb_stacks,nb_digits=self.nb_digits)}"
+            )
+        ##############################################################
+
+
+######################################################################
+
+import rpl
+
+
+class RPL(Task):
+    def tensorize(self, sequences):
+        len_max = max([len(x) for x in sequences])
+        return torch.cat(
+            [
+                torch.tensor(
+                    [
+                        [
+                            self.token2id[str(c)]
+                            for c in s + ["<nul>"] * (len_max - len(s))
+                        ]
+                        for s in sequences
+                    ]
                 )
-                ar_mask = ar_mask.reshape(-1, 1 + self.nb_digits)
+            ],
+            0,
+        )
+
+    def seq2str(self, seq):
+        return " ".join([self.id2token[i] for i in seq])
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        nb_train_samples,
+        nb_test_samples,
+        batch_size,
+        nb_starting_values=3,
+        max_input=9,
+        prog_len=6,
+        nb_runs=5,
+        no_prog=False,
+        logger=None,
+        device=torch.device("cpu"),
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.batch_size = batch_size
+        self.device = device
+        self.no_prog = no_prog
+
+        train_sequences = [
+            rpl.generate(
+                nb_starting_values=nb_starting_values,
+                nb_result_values_max=4 * nb_starting_values,
+                max_input=max_input,
+                prog_len=prog_len,
+                nb_runs=nb_runs,
+            )
+            for _ in tqdm.tqdm(range(nb_train_samples), desc="train-data")
+        ]
+
+        test_sequences = [
+            rpl.generate(
+                nb_starting_values=nb_starting_values,
+                nb_result_values_max=4 * nb_starting_values,
+                max_input=max_input,
+                prog_len=prog_len,
+                nb_runs=nb_runs,
+            )
+            for _ in tqdm.tqdm(range(nb_test_samples), desc="test-data")
+        ]
 
-                nb_total = ar_mask.max(1).values.sum()
-                nb_correct = nb_total - errors.max(1).values.sum()
+        symbols = list(
+            set(["<nul>"] + [x for l in train_sequences + test_sequences for x in l])
+        )
+        val_max = max([x if type(x) is int else 0 for x in symbols])
+        symbols = list(filter(lambda x: type(x) is str, symbols))
+        symbols.sort()
+        symbols += [str(n) for n in range(val_max + 1)]
+        self.token2id = dict([(c, n) for n, c in enumerate(symbols)])
+        self.id2token = dict([(n, c) for c, n in self.token2id.items()])
 
-                return nb_total, nb_correct
+        self.t_nul = self.token2id["<nul>"]
+        self.t_input = self.token2id["<in>"]
+        self.t_output = self.token2id["<out>"]
+        self.t_prog = self.token2id["<prg>"]
+        self.t_end = self.token2id["<end>"]
 
-            test_nb_total, test_nb_correct = compute_nb_correct(self.test_input[:1000])
+        self.train_input = self.tensorize(train_sequences)
+        self.test_input = self.tensorize(test_sequences)
+
+        if no_prog:
+            # Excise the program from every train and test example
+            k = torch.arange(self.train_input.size(1), device=self.train_input.device)[
+                None, :
+            ]
+            p = (
+                ((self.train_input == self.t_prog).long() * k)
+                .max(1, keepdim=True)
+                .values
+            )
+            self.train_input = (
+                self.train_input * (k <= p).long()
+                + self.t_end * (k == p + 1).long()
+                + self.t_nul * (k > p + 1).long()
+            )
+            k = torch.arange(self.test_input.size(1), device=self.test_input.device)[
+                None, :
+            ]
+            p = (
+                ((self.test_input == self.t_prog).long() * k)
+                .max(1, keepdim=True)
+                .values
+            )
+            self.test_input = (
+                self.test_input * (k <= p).long()
+                + self.t_end * (k == p + 1).long()
+                + self.t_nul * (k > p + 1).long()
+            )
+
+        if logger is not None:
+            logger(f"value_max {val_max}")
+            for x in self.train_input[:25]:
+                end = (x != self.t_nul).nonzero().max().item() + 1
+                seq = [self.id2token[i.item()] for i in x[:end]]
+                s = " ".join(seq)
+                logger(f"example_seq {s}")
+
+        self.nb_codes = max(self.train_input.max(), self.test_input.max()) + 1
+
+    def batches(self, split="train", nb_to_use=-1, desc=None):
+        assert split in {"train", "test"}
+        input = self.train_input if split == "train" else self.test_input
+        if nb_to_use > 0:
+            input = input[:nb_to_use]
+        if desc is None:
+            desc = f"epoch-{split}"
+        for batch in tqdm.tqdm(
+            input.split(self.batch_size), dynamic_ncols=True, desc=desc
+        ):
+            last = (batch != self.t_nul).max(0).values.nonzero().max() + 3
+            batch = batch[:, :last].to(self.device)
+            yield batch
+
+    def vocabulary_size(self):
+        return self.nb_codes
+
+    def produce_results(
+        self, n_epoch, model, result_dir, logger, deterministic_synthesis
+    ):
+        # --------------------------------------------------------------------
+        def compute_nb_errors_prog(input, nb_to_log=0):
+            result = input.clone()
+            s = (result == self.t_prog).long()
+            ar_mask = (s.cumsum(dim=1) - s).clamp(min=0, max=1)
+            result = (1 - ar_mask) * result + ar_mask * self.t_nul
+
+            masked_inplace_autoregression(
+                model,
+                self.batch_size,
+                result,
+                ar_mask,
+                deterministic_synthesis,
+                device=self.device,
+            )
+
+            sum_nb_total, sum_nb_errors = 0, 0
+            for one_input, one_result in zip(input, result):
+                seq = [self.id2token[i.item()] for i in one_result]
+                nb_total, nb_errors, prog, stacks = rpl.compute_nb_errors(seq)
+                sum_nb_total += 1
+                sum_nb_errors += 0 if nb_errors == 0 else 1
+                if nb_to_log > 0:
+                    gt_seq = [self.id2token[i.item()] for i in one_input]
+                    _, _, gt_prog, _ = rpl.compute_nb_errors(gt_seq)
+                    gt_prog = " ".join([str(x) for x in gt_prog])
+                    prog = " ".join([str(x) for x in prog])
+                    comment = "*" if nb_errors == 0 else "-"
+                    logger(f"{comment} PROG [{gt_prog}] PREDICTED [{prog}]")
+                    for start_stack, target_stack, result_stack, correct in stacks:
+                        comment = "*" if correct else "-"
+                        start_stack = " ".join([str(x) for x in start_stack])
+                        target_stack = " ".join([str(x) for x in target_stack])
+                        result_stack = " ".join([str(x) for x in result_stack])
+                        logger(
+                            f"  {comment} [{start_stack}] -> [{target_stack}] PREDICTED [{result_stack}]"
+                        )
+                    nb_to_log -= 1
+
+            return sum_nb_total, sum_nb_errors
+
+        # --------------------------------------------------------------------
+        def compute_nb_errors_output(input, nb_to_log=0):
+            result = input.clone()
+            k = torch.arange(result.size(1), device=result.device)[None, :]
+            last_output_idx = (
+                ((result == self.t_output) * k).max(dim=1, keepdim=True).values
+            )
+            first_prog_idx = (
+                ((result == self.t_prog) * k).max(dim=1, keepdim=True).values
+            )
+            ar_mask = (k > last_output_idx).long() * (k < first_prog_idx).long()
+            result = (1 - ar_mask) * result + ar_mask * self.t_nul
+
+            masked_inplace_autoregression(
+                model,
+                self.batch_size,
+                result,
+                ar_mask,
+                deterministic_synthesis,
+                device=self.device,
+            )
+
+            sum_nb_total, sum_nb_errors = 0, 0
+            for one_input, one_result, i, j in zip(
+                input, result, last_output_idx, first_prog_idx
+            ):
+                seq = [self.id2token[i.item()] for i in one_result]
+                sum_nb_total += 1
+                correct = (one_input - one_result).abs().max() == 0
+                sum_nb_errors += 0 if correct else 1
+                if nb_to_log > 0:
+                    result_stack = [
+                        self.id2token[i.item()] for i in one_result[i : j + 1]
+                    ]
+                    target_stack = [
+                        self.id2token[i.item()] for i in one_input[i : j + 1]
+                    ]
+                    comment = "*" if correct else "-"
+                    result_stack = " ".join([str(x) for x in result_stack])
+                    target_stack = " ".join([str(x) for x in target_stack])
+                    logger(
+                        f"output_test {comment} [{target_stack}] PREDICTED [{result_stack}]"
+                    )
+                    nb_to_log -= 1
+
+            return sum_nb_total, sum_nb_errors
+
+        # --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        if not self.no_prog:
+            test_nb_total, test_nb_errors = compute_nb_errors_prog(
+                self.test_input[:1000].to(self.device), nb_to_log=10
+            )
 
             logger(
-                f"accuracy_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_correct {test_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*test_nb_correct)/test_nb_total:.02f}%"
+                f"accuracy_prog_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_errors {test_nb_errors} accuracy {100.0*(1-test_nb_errors/test_nb_total):.02f}%"
             )
 
-            ##############################################################
-            # Log a few generated sequences
-            input = self.test_input[:10, : 12 * (1 + self.nb_digits)]
+        test_nb_total, test_nb_errors = compute_nb_errors_output(
+            self.test_input[:1000].to(self.device), nb_to_log=10
+        )
+
+        logger(
+            f"accuracy_output_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_errors {test_nb_errors} accuracy {100.0*(1-test_nb_errors/test_nb_total):.02f}%"
+        )
+
+        if save_attention_image is not None:
+            input = self.test_input[:1]
             result = input.clone()
-            stack.remove_popped_values(result, self.nb_stacks, self.nb_digits)
-            ar_mask = (result != input).long()
-            for n in range(result.size(0)):
-                logger(
-                    f"test_before {stack.seq_to_str(result[n],nb_stacks=self.nb_stacks,nb_digits=self.nb_digits)}"
-                )
-                masked_inplace_autoregression(
-                    model,
-                    self.batch_size,
-                    result,
-                    ar_mask,
-                    deterministic_synthesis,
-                    device=self.device,
-                )
-            for n in range(result.size(0)):
-                logger(
-                    f"test_after  {stack.seq_to_str(result[n],nb_stacks=self.nb_stacks,nb_digits=self.nb_digits)}"
-                )
-            ##############################################################
+            s = (result == self.t_prog).long()
+            ar_mask = (s.cumsum(dim=1) - s).clamp(min=0, max=1)
+            result = (1 - ar_mask) * result + ar_mask * self.t_nul
 
-            model.train(t)
+            masked_inplace_autoregression(
+                model,
+                self.batch_size,
+                result,
+                ar_mask,
+                deterministic_synthesis,
+                device=self.device,
+            )
+
+            with torch.autograd.no_grad():
+                t = model.training
+                model.eval()
+                model.record_attention(True)
+                model(BracketedSequence(result))
+                model.train(t)
+                ram = model.retrieve_attention()
+                model.record_attention(False)
+
+            tokens_output = [self.id2token[i.item()] for i in result[0]]
+            tokens_input = ["n/a"] + tokens_output[:-1]
+            for n_head in range(ram[0].size(1)):
+                filename = f"rpl_attention_{n_epoch}_h{n_head}.pdf"
+                attention_matrices = [m[0, n_head] for m in ram]
+                save_attention_image(
+                    filename,
+                    tokens_input,
+                    tokens_output,
+                    attention_matrices,
+                    token_gap=12,
+                    layer_gap=50,
+                    k_top=10,
+                    # min_total_attention=0.9,
+                )
+                logger(f"wrote {filename}")
 
 
 ######################################################################
@@ -796,9 +1353,13 @@ class Expr(Task):
         nb_test_samples,
         nb_variables,
         sequence_length,
+        operand_max,
+        result_max,
         batch_size,
         device=torch.device("cpu"),
     ):
+        super().__init__()
+
         self.batch_size = batch_size
         self.device = device
 
@@ -806,13 +1367,16 @@ class Expr(Task):
             nb_train_samples,
             nb_variables=nb_variables,
             length=sequence_length,
-            # length=2 * sequence_length,
-            # randomize_length=True,
+            operand_max=operand_max,
+            result_max=result_max,
         )
+
         test_sequences = expr.generate_sequences(
             nb_test_samples,
             nb_variables=nb_variables,
             length=sequence_length,
+            operand_max=operand_max,
+            result_max=result_max,
         )
 
         symbols = list(set("#" + "".join(train_sequences + test_sequences)))
@@ -838,9 +1402,8 @@ class Expr(Task):
         for batch in tqdm.tqdm(
             input.split(self.batch_size), dynamic_ncols=True, desc=desc
         ):
-            if split == "train":
-                last = (batch != self.filler).max(0).values.nonzero().max() + 3
-                batch = batch[:, :last]
+            last = (batch != self.filler).max(0).values.nonzero().max() + 3
+            batch = batch[:, :last]
             yield batch
 
     def vocabulary_size(self):
@@ -858,38 +1421,40 @@ class Expr(Task):
         deterministic_synthesis,
         input_file=None,
     ):
-        with torch.autograd.no_grad():
-            t = model.training
-            model.eval()
-
-            def compute_nb_correct(input):
-                result = input.clone()
-                ar_mask = (result == self.space).long().cumsum(dim=1).clamp(max=1)
-                result = (1 - ar_mask) * result + ar_mask * self.filler
-                masked_inplace_autoregression(
-                    model,
-                    self.batch_size,
-                    result,
-                    ar_mask,
-                    deterministic_synthesis,
-                    device=self.device,
-                )
+        def compute_nb_correct(input):
+            result = input.clone()
+            s = (result == self.space).long()
+            ar_mask = (s.cumsum(dim=1) - s).clamp(min=0, max=1)
+            result = (1 - ar_mask) * result + ar_mask * self.filler
+            masked_inplace_autoregression(
+                model,
+                self.batch_size,
+                result,
+                ar_mask,
+                deterministic_synthesis,
+                device=self.device,
+            )
 
-                nb_total = input.size(0)
-                nb_correct = (input == result).long().min(1).values.sum()
+            nb_total = input.size(0)
+            nb_correct = (input == result).long().min(1).values.sum()
 
-                #######################################################################
-                # Comput predicted vs. true variable values
+            #######################################################################
+            # Comput predicted vs. true variable values
 
-                nb_delta = torch.zeros(5, dtype=torch.int64)
-                nb_missed = 0
+            nb_delta = torch.zeros(5, dtype=torch.int64)
+            nb_missed = 0
 
-                values_input = expr.extract_results([self.seq2str(s) for s in input])
-                values_result = expr.extract_results([self.seq2str(s) for s in result])
+            values_input = expr.extract_results([self.seq2str(s) for s in input])
+            values_result = expr.extract_results([self.seq2str(s) for s in result])
 
+            filename = os.path.join(result_dir, f"expr_result_{n_epoch:04d}.txt")
+
+            with open(filename, "w") as f:
                 for i, r in zip(values_input, values_result):
                     for n, vi in i.items():
                         vr = r.get(n)
+                        f.write(f"{vi} {-1 if vr is None else vr}\n")
+
                         if vr is None or vr < 0:
                             nb_missed += 1
                         else:
@@ -899,61 +1464,185 @@ class Expr(Task):
                             else:
                                 nb_delta[d] += 1
 
-                ######################################################################
+            ######################################################################
 
-                return nb_total, nb_correct, nb_delta, nb_missed
+            return nb_total, nb_correct, nb_delta, nb_missed
 
-            (
-                test_nb_total,
-                test_nb_correct,
-                test_nb_delta,
-                test_nb_missed,
-            ) = compute_nb_correct(self.test_input[:1000])
+        (
+            test_nb_total,
+            test_nb_correct,
+            test_nb_delta,
+            test_nb_missed,
+        ) = compute_nb_correct(self.test_input[:10000])
 
-            logger(
-                f"accuracy_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_correct {test_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*test_nb_correct)/test_nb_total:.02f}%"
-            )
+        logger(
+            f"accuracy_test {n_epoch} nb_total {test_nb_total} nb_correct {test_nb_correct} accuracy {(100.0*test_nb_correct)/test_nb_total:.02f}%"
+        )
 
-            nb_total = test_nb_delta.sum() + test_nb_missed
-            for d in range(test_nb_delta.size(0)):
-                logger(
-                    f"error_value {n_epoch} delta {d} {test_nb_delta[d]} {test_nb_delta[d]*100/nb_total:.02f}%"
-                )
+        nb_total = test_nb_delta.sum() + test_nb_missed
+        for d in range(test_nb_delta.size(0)):
             logger(
-                f"error_value {n_epoch} missed {test_nb_missed} {test_nb_missed*100/nb_total:.02f}%"
+                f"error_value {n_epoch} delta {d} {test_nb_delta[d]} {test_nb_delta[d]*100/nb_total:.02f}%"
             )
+        logger(
+            f"error_value {n_epoch} missed {test_nb_missed} {test_nb_missed*100/nb_total:.02f}%"
+        )
 
-            ##############################################################
-            # Log a few generated sequences
-            if input_file is None:
-                input = self.test_input[:10]
-            else:
-                with open(input_file, "r") as f:
-                    sequences = [e.strip() for e in f.readlines()]
-                    sequences = [s + " " + "#" * 50 for s in sequences]
-                    input = self.tensorize(sequences)
+        ##############################################################
+        # Log a few generated sequences
+        if input_file is None:
+            input = self.test_input[:10]
+        else:
+            with open(input_file, "r") as f:
+                sequences = [e.strip() for e in f.readlines()]
+                sequences = [s + " " + "#" * 50 for s in sequences]
+                input = self.tensorize(sequences)
 
-            result = input.clone()
-            ar_mask = (result == self.space).long().cumsum(dim=1).clamp(max=1)
-            result = (1 - ar_mask) * result + ar_mask * self.filler
-            for n in range(result.size(0)):
-                logger(f"test_before {self.seq2str(result[n])}")
-                masked_inplace_autoregression(
-                    model,
-                    self.batch_size,
-                    result,
-                    ar_mask,
-                    deterministic_synthesis,
-                    device=self.device,
-                )
-            correct = (1 - ar_mask) * self.space + ar_mask * input
-            for n in range(result.size(0)):
-                comment = "GOOD" if (result[n] - input[n]).abs().max() == 0 else ""
-                logger(f"test_after  {self.seq2str(result[n])} {comment}")
-                logger(f"correct     {self.seq2str(correct[n])}")
-            ##############################################################
-
-            model.train(t)
+        result = input.clone()
+        s = (result == self.space).long()
+        ar_mask = (s.cumsum(dim=1) - s).clamp(min=0, max=1)
+        result = (1 - ar_mask) * result + ar_mask * self.filler
+
+        for n in range(result.size(0)):
+            logger(f"test_before {self.seq2str(result[n])}")
+
+        masked_inplace_autoregression(
+            model,
+            self.batch_size,
+            result,
+            ar_mask,
+            deterministic_synthesis,
+            device=self.device,
+        )
+
+        correct = (1 - ar_mask) * self.space + ar_mask * input
+        for n in range(result.size(0)):
+            comment = "GOOD" if (result[n] - input[n]).abs().max() == 0 else ""
+            logger(f"test_after  {self.seq2str(result[n])} {comment}")
+            logger(f"truth       {self.seq2str(correct[n])}")
+        ##############################################################
+
+
+######################################################################
+
+import world
+
+
+class World(Task):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        nb_train_samples,
+        nb_test_samples,
+        batch_size,
+        vqae_nb_epochs,
+        logger=None,
+        device=torch.device("cpu"),
+        device_storage=torch.device("cpu"),
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.batch_size = batch_size
+        self.device = device
+
+        (
+            train_frames,
+            train_action_seq,
+            test_frames,
+            test_action_seq,
+            self.frame2seq,
+            self.seq2frame,
+        ) = world.create_data_and_processors(
+            nb_train_samples,
+            nb_test_samples,
+            mode="first_last",
+            nb_steps=30,
+            nb_epochs=vqae_nb_epochs,
+            logger=logger,
+            device=device,
+            device_storage=device_storage,
+        )
+
+        train_frame_seq = self.frame2seq(train_frames).to(device_storage)
+        test_frame_seq = self.frame2seq(test_frames).to(device_storage)
+
+        nb_frame_codes = max(train_frame_seq.max(), test_frame_seq.max()) + 1
+        nb_action_codes = max(train_action_seq.max(), test_action_seq.max()) + 1
+
+        self.len_frame_seq = train_frame_seq.size(1)
+        self.len_action_seq = train_action_seq.size(1)
+        self.nb_codes = nb_frame_codes + nb_action_codes
+
+        train_frame_seq = train_frame_seq.reshape(train_frame_seq.size(0) // 2, 2, -1)
+
+        train_action_seq += nb_frame_codes
+        self.train_input = torch.cat(
+            (train_frame_seq[:, 0, :], train_action_seq, train_frame_seq[:, 1, :]), 1
+        )
+
+        test_frame_seq = test_frame_seq.reshape(test_frame_seq.size(0) // 2, 2, -1)
+        test_action_seq += nb_frame_codes
+        self.test_input = torch.cat(
+            (test_frame_seq[:, 0, :], test_action_seq, test_frame_seq[:, 1, :]), 1
+        )
+
+    def batches(self, split="train", nb_to_use=-1, desc=None):
+        assert split in {"train", "test"}
+        input = self.train_input if split == "train" else self.test_input
+        if nb_to_use > 0:
+            input = input[:nb_to_use]
+        if desc is None:
+            desc = f"epoch-{split}"
+        for batch in tqdm.tqdm(
+            input.split(self.batch_size), dynamic_ncols=True, desc=desc
+        ):
+            yield batch.to(self.device)
+
+    def vocabulary_size(self):
+        return self.nb_codes
+
+    def produce_results(
+        self, n_epoch, model, result_dir, logger, deterministic_synthesis
+    ):
+        k = torch.arange(
+            2 * self.len_frame_seq + self.len_action_seq, device=self.device
+        )[None, :]
+
+        input = self.test_input[:64].to(self.device)
+        result = input.clone()
+
+        ar_mask = (
+            (k >= self.len_frame_seq + self.len_action_seq).long().expand_as(result)
+        )
+        result *= 1 - ar_mask
+
+        masked_inplace_autoregression(
+            model,
+            self.batch_size,
+            result,
+            ar_mask,
+            deterministic_synthesis,
+            device=self.device,
+        )
+
+        seq_start = input[:, : self.len_frame_seq]
+        seq_end = input[:, self.len_frame_seq + self.len_action_seq :]
+        seq_predicted = result[:, self.len_frame_seq + self.len_action_seq :]
+
+        result = torch.cat(
+            (seq_start[:, None, :], seq_end[:, None, :], seq_predicted[:, None, :]), 1
+        )
+        result = result.reshape(-1, result.size(-1))
+
+        frames = self.seq2frame(result)
+        image_name = os.path.join(result_dir, f"world_result_{n_epoch:04d}.png")
+        torchvision.utils.save_image(
+            frames.float() / (world.Box.nb_rgb_levels - 1),
+            image_name,
+            nrow=12,
+            padding=1,
+            pad_value=0.0,
+        )
+        logger(f"wrote {image_name}")
 
 
 ######################################################################